ERNiCr-3 (AWS 5.14)
1. Chemical Composition (Typical wt%)
Element AWS A5.14 Requirement Common Range
Ni ≥ 67.0% 70-75% (Base)
Cr 14.0-17.0% 15-16%
Fe 6.0-10.0% 7-9%
Nb+Ta 1.0-2.5% 1.5-2.0%
Ti 0.3-1.0% 0.5-0.8%
Mn ≤ 2.5% 0.3-1.0%
Si ≤ 0.5% 0.2-0.4%
C ≤ 0.08% ≤ 0.03%
Key Role:
Nb (Niobium) + Ti (Titanium) form carbides, preventing intergranular corrosion and weld cracking (stabilized alloy).
Low C + Si minimize hot cracking risk.
2. Key Properties
Mechanical Properties (As-welded, RT):
Tensile Strength: ≥ 550 MPa
Yield Strength: ≥ 300 MPa
Elongation: ≥ 30%
High-Temperature Performance:
Oxidation resistance up to 1100°C (2012°F).
Resists chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and carburization.
Weldability:
Excellent for TIG (GTAW), MIG (GMAW), and SAW.
Low sensitivity to porosity/hot cracks with proper technique.
3. Standards & Certifications
AWS A5.14: ERNiCr-3
ISO 18274: Ni6616 (Nb-stabilized Ni-Cr-Fe)
ASME SFA-5.14: Accepted for nuclear/pressure vessel use (ASME IX)
RCC-M (Nuclear): M3309 Grade for French nuclear projects
4. Welding Parameters (TIG Example)
Parameter Value
Diameter 1.2-2.4 mm
Current (DCEN) 80-180 A
Voltage (GTAW) 12-16 V
Shielding Gas 100% Ar (or Ar + He ≤25%)
Interpass Temp. ≤ 150°C (critical)
Preheat Not required (ambient OK)
5. Primary Applications
Nuclear Systems: Reactor pressure vessel internals, steam generator tubes (Inconel 600/601 base metal).
Fossil Fuel Power: Boiler tubes, burner nozzles, heat exchangers (>540°C service).
Chemical Processing: Furnace components, catalyst grids, pyrolysis tubes.
Aerospace: Combustion chamber repairs (limited use).
6. Critical Welding Considerations
Interpass Temperature Control:
Must stay < 150°C to avoid ductility-dip cracking (DDC).
Heat Input:
Keep low-to-medium (0.8-1.2 kJ/mm) to prevent Nb carbide precipitation.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):
Not recommended for most applications (can cause embrittlement).
If unavoidable: 870-900°C + rapid cool (prevents sensitization).
7. Comparison to Similar Alloys
Alloy Key Differences Best For
ERNiCr-3 Nb+Ti stabilized, low Fe (~8%) Inconel 600/601, SCC resistance
ERNiCrFe-3 Higher Fe (10-15%), no Nb/Ti stabilization Incoloy 800/825
ERNiCr-7 Al+Ti added (γ' strengthened) Weld overlay on superalloys
8. Defect Prevention
Porosity: Use ultra-dry shielding gas (dew point ≤ -50°C).
Cracking:
Avoid Si > 0.4% (increases hot crack risk).
Clean base metal rigorously (no oil/sulfur).
Corrosion: Post-weld pickle/passivate (HNO3 + HF mix) to restore oxide layer.
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